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身为一个大学狗,想学一学演讲的艺术。所以想问一问各位知乎er,有没有什么推荐的演讲视频,可供初学者参考与模仿?
当属特朗普的保守主义宣讲,向建制派(establishment)、全球化主义宣战,鄙视白左和主流媒体,打动了很多美国人,某种程度上这个演讲视频帮助特朗普打败了希拉里,可以说是自从里根时代以来最经典的保守主义政治演讲了,视频如下:
https://www.zhihu.com/video/1006675308111548416
在美国2018年第二季度GDP增长率攀升至到4.1%,工业生产总值增幅达到5.3%,6月失业率将至3.8%新低时,美国网民再次把这个两年前的视频翻出来转载。
下面是演讲内容,笔者英文水平一般,如有错误,请见谅:
Our movement is about replacing a failed and corrupt, political establishment with a new government controlled by you, the American people.
The Washington establishment, and the financial and media corporations that fund it, exists
for only one reason: to protect and enrich itself.
The establishment has trillions of dollars at stake in this election. For those who control the
levers of power in Washington, and for the global special interests, they partner with these people that don't have your good in mind.
Our campaign represents a true existential threat like they haven't seen before. This is not simply another four-year election. This is a crossroads in the history of our civilization that will determine whether or not we the people reclaim control over our government.
The political establishment that is trying to stop us is the same group responsible for our disastrous trade deals, massive illegal immigration and economic and foreign policies that have bled our country dry.
The political establishment has brought about the destruction of our factories, and our jobs, as they flee
to Mexico, China and other countries all around the world.
It’s a global power structure that is responsible for the economic decision that have robbed our working class, stripped our country of its wealth and put that money into the
pockets of a handful of large corporations and political entities.
This is a struggle for the survival of our nation. And this will be our last chance to save it.
This election will determine whether we are a free nation or whether we have only the illusion of democracy, but are in fact controlled by a small handful of global special interests rigging the system, and our system is rigged. This is reality, you know it, they know it, I know it, and pretty much the whole world knows it.
The Clinton machine is at the center of this power structure. We 've seen this first hand in the WikiLeaks documents, in which Hillary Clinton meets in secret with international banks to plot the destruction of US sovereignty in order to enrich these global financial powers, her special interest friends and her donors. Honestly, she should be locked up.
The most powerful weapon deployed by the Clinton is the corporate media, the press. Let 's be clear on one thing, the corporate media in our country is no longer involved in journalism. They are a political special interest no different than any lobbyist or other financial entity with a total political agenda, and the agenda is not for you, it 's for themselves.
Anyone who challenges their control is deemed a sexist, a racist, a xenophobe. They will lie, lie, lie, and then again, they will do worse than that.
They will do whatever is necessary. The Clinton are criminals, remember that. This is well documented, and the establishment that protects them has engaged in a massive cover-up of widespread criminal activity at the State Department and the Clinton Foundation
in order to keep the Clintons in power.
They knew they would grow every lie they could at me, and my family and my loved ones. They knew they would stop at nothing, to try to stop me.
Nevertheless, I take all of these slings and arrows, gladly for you. I take them for our movement, so that we can have our country back. I knew this day would arrive, it's only a
question of when. And I knew the American people would rise above it and vote for the future they deserve.
The only thing that can stop this corrupt machine is you.
The only force strong enough to save our country is us.
The only people brave enough to vote out this corrupt establishment is you, the American People.
Our great civilization has come upon a moment of reckoning.
I didn't need to do this, believe me. I built a great company and I had a wonderful life. I could have enjoyed the fruits and benefits of years of successful business deals and businesses for myself and my family. Instead of going through this absolute horror show of lies, deceptions, malicious attacks, who would thought?
I 'm doing it because this country has given me so much, and I feel so strongly that it's my turn to give back to the country that I love.
I 'm doing this for the people and for the movement, and we will take back this country for you and we will make America great again.
本文、该视频当然被限流,关注你的人看不到你点赞本文的动态,欢迎转载/分享/收藏!
————
限流是什么:轻则关注你的人看不到你点赞本文的动态,重则你关注了我也未必能看到该文章,还是希望大家把文章顶上去。笔者的回答基本都被限流了。若非翻开我的个人主页,这些回答是很难被大家看到的。
如果关注你的人能收到你点赞本文的动态,敬请通知我,谢谢!
你是一个大学生,要学习演讲,我可以提供几个小建议。
首先在准备阶段有三点建议。
在我看来,很多大学生,包括我自己上大学的时候,最容易犯的一个错误就是把演讲的实质内容忽略了,却只在意演讲的外在表现手法上。但是翻遍所有的优秀演讲,有一个是内容空洞的演讲么?
所以一个优秀的演讲要从详实的内容准备开始。
比如你们老师让你准备的题目是“计划生育”。
很多大学生基本上就是照本宣科的把计划生育的实施标准和效果搬上台,十分钟搞完就结束了。纯粹为了完成讲演而讲演。
这样的演讲没有任何人愿意听,即便你的讲演技巧再出神入化也没有办法讲的很精彩。
但是如果你真的详实的准备了这个题目,比如做到下面这样。
我大致写的,每一个分支下面还可以继续细化,准备典型案例,前因后果,相互关联,甚至辩证讨论等等。
有这样的详实内容,尤其是加上了讨论之后,这个讲演主体才会变得能够发挥。就好像大厨终于有了食材,才能给食客带来一顿饕餮盛宴。
具体的例子我就不给了,太多了TED一打开,大多数讲演都是这样的。
在贯彻了第一点之后,容易犯的一个问题就是没有了重点,所有的点都恨不得面面俱到,以至于话题冗长无聊,甚至让人摸不清头脑。
乔布斯的苹果开发者大会,以前几乎每年都会举办,不仅长达数个小时,而且内容极多,需要介绍海量的信息。
但是乔布斯的每次讲演都会有一个或者几个重点着重着墨于这几个点,达到自己的核心目的——推销自己的产品。
比如新开发的操作系统,新完成的产品演示,甚至新一代产品的革命性特点和卖点等等。其中最经典的一幕就是从文件袋里倒出一个air,惊艳全场。
回到“计划生育”的主题,你就需要选择一个角度,一个立场或者一个子话题充分展开来达到你的核心目的。一个很简单也很实用的技巧就是搞清楚你要给谁讲这个话题,就是要达到什么目的。
比如可以选择计划生育的争议,因为演讲对象是学校领导或者审评教授们,来达到你想要继续深入研究这个课题以争取经费的目的。
比如可以选择计划生育的现状,因为演讲对象是外国人或者不了解的普通大众,来达到充分介绍计划生育的内容,消除对它的误解。
又比如,可以选择计划生育的变革方向,因为演讲对象可能是大型企业或者政府,来阐述你对计划生育的预测和了解,以影响公司或者政府的决策。
所以,要突出重点,来达到自己的核心目的。
不要孤立的讲述一个中心,逻辑,推论,辩证,案例,联想等等手段,都是能够有效的把观众带入到你的核心之中。
要知道咱们知乎有一句名言:“任何人的感情是并不联通的。”
而演讲,就是要把你的感情,你的想法,传递给别人,很多很多别人的事情。
所以一定要循序渐进,逐步升华到你自己的中心思想。
这里再举一个乔布斯的例子就是他在斯坦福大学的著名演讲:Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
乔布斯斯坦福大学演讲(高清 中英文字幕)_哔哩哔哩 (゜-゜)つロ 干杯~-bilibili
乔布斯在这个演讲中几乎没有多余的转折的直接使用了三个故事,无一例外的都是从自己大学时期或者前后阶段开始讲起的。
第一个故事是关于自己在求学时期和创业初期的困难和艰苦——但是台下都是斯坦福的学生,不仅大多家境优渥,且起平线很高,会有深刻共鸣么?
第二个故事是关于自己的事业上的几次欺负——这对于这些刚刚毕业的学生来讲更加遥远。
第三个故事是关于自己的曾经面对死亡的威胁——可能没有几个年轻人真的面对过或者认为自己即将面对死亡的威胁。
所以作为单从故事核心来讲,这三个故事其实都和台下的学生们现阶段交集不大,但是乔布斯就厉害在这里。作为一个成功且知名的企业家,他把自己先放到和台下毕业生同一个年龄段和人生阶段开始,讲述三个个故事,然后一点一点的把学生们带到了自己的情绪和故事中。
然后逐渐引申出自己的讲演的核心思想——Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
准备好你要的演讲内容之后,我还有三个建议。
演讲者,尤其是学生或者初级演讲者最容易犯的毛病就是准备不充分。这里的准备不充分不是内容上的,而是包括:
心理上准备不充分:紧张,彷徨,对自己的演讲和形象没有自信。
首先要加强自己的心理建设,背熟自己的检验内容和关键几点,多次练习,相信自己的内容是万无一失的。去除紧张情绪,尤其是练习在众多陌生人面前的紧张感。
这里我可以介绍一个秘方:拿着一篇中学课文找最近的广场,站在中央有感情朗诵,三天你就学会不要脸了!
道具上准备不充分:PPT制作添加过多的效果,自己都记不住,演示成品不能保证次次成功。
对于这个问题我的建议是如果这个东西你不能保证自己能完整掌控,就不要拿出来。比如罗永浩每次发布会上都会出现这样或者那样的演示道具问题,从最早的语音识别到今年的TNT工作站,真的很难看。
PPT等演示道具的制作也要求稳,求准,不要贪图花里胡哨的各种效果和图片,把我要说的内容核心展示出来即可,一个数字可以不加单位;一个标题可以不加内容;一个图标可以不加数字;一张图片可以不加注释……等等,总之与核心内容无关的,通通去掉。
场地上准备不充分:发现场地太大,给定设备不会操作,麦克/音响/监视器/投影仪/遥控器等等不好用的。
这个没什么说的了,提前去,提前解决吧,最好提前连两遍。
语言不仅仅是一张嘴,还包括肢体语言,语气,语态,演示等等。
对着镜子练习是一个很好的方式,参考名人的知名演讲也会受益颇深。
乔布斯,奥巴马,特朗普,希特勒都是这方面的行家里手,每段视频都有他们各自的特色。
别看国内的,国内的基本上全是垃圾。
比如不时的移动身位以吸引眼球,用梯子爬大屏幕来指出数据高点来说明数据的夸张,把某个问题突然指向某一个人或者方向上,“拥抱空气”来带入观众等等,太多了。
如题,多讲,丰富的,生动的,深入思考的,带有肢体动作的,多种语言的,充满自信的,自然而然的讲。
不要把过于演绎或者寄希望于各种道具或者PPT,尤其是把本来自己该说的台词悉数打到ppt上,然后转过身来念。
这叫陈列,根本不需要你。
为了讲好,把观众的注意力放在你身上,甚至不惜黑屏,都是正常而常见的手段。
看到了么?这是罗技的演讲笔,专门有个按键(红圈处)给你黑屏用。可见“讲”是多么重要。
所有东西都要为“讲”让路。
还有其他问题,欢迎留言。
葛底斯堡演讲
https://www.zhihu.com/video/1236417196383297536
《有哪些可供学习的经典演讲视频?》:等您翻牌子呢!